| Spain
boasts rich and grand history of about 3000 to 500 B.C.
The most significant remains of this period are the
caves of Cova Negra and Pinar. The Iberian population
was the first tribes to arrive to the peninsula from
north of Africa.
They formed a significant kingdom of
high culture in the Valley of Guadalquivir River, in
the south of Spain. The next tribe to enter the valley
of Spain was the Celtic tribes by 1200 B.C.
By 1100 B.C. Phoenicians arrived to the peninsula and
initiated colonies, the most vital of which was Gadir
(today's Cadiz).Greeks too founded colonies in
southern Spain and along the Mediterranean coast.
During the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthago
Carthaginians invaded Spain and occupied large parts
of it. Their most imperative colonies were the island
Ibiza and Cartagena, the "new Carthago".
After
this Romans defeated Carthago and occupied the colonies
of Spain and its entire peninsula. Spaniards started
absorbing Roman culture and even today it is very much
evident in their language.
Towards the starting of 409
the Roman Empire started to fall and Gothic invaded
the peninsula and established their kingdom in 419.
Gothic dominance lasted till 711, and then Muslim started
to come in this peninsula.
Many Arabian families also
occupied some parts of the peninsula. The Christian
kingdom started to play a vital role in Spanish peninsula
at the same time. The Christian kingdom in the north
started to play a vital role and‘re- Christianize' Spain.
This major incident resulted in the Spanish Inquisition.
At this time thousands of Jews and Moors who protested
against Christianity were expelled and killed mercilessly.
After the finding of America by Christopher Columbus
in 1492 tons of gold and silver were brought in from
the new continent and Spain became one of the most authoritative
nations of this epoch called the Golden Age .
After this time the peninsula got divided amongst the
Spanish and Austrian Habsburg family. Spain was prospering
economically under the rule of the Habsburg crown but
soon involved a war against France, Netherlands, and
England and got defeated in 1588.
Napoleon took the power in France and sent his troops
against Spain in 1808. He established his brother Joseph
as Spanish king, but Spaniards fought a 5-year Independence
War against the French. After Napoleon's distinct
defeat at Waterloo in 1815, Ferdinand VII
was restored to the Spanish throne and ruled with unbending
absolutism.
The economical disaster of the early 1920s led the
country to the brink of civil war, and General Primo
de Ribera established military dictators until 1930.
During the 1950s and 60s every effort was taken to
improve international relations, and the country's economy
recovered after the disaster of World War II.
Spain became member of the NATO in 1985 and entered
the European Community in 1986. In 1992 it appeared
remarkably at the world stage. It hosted the Barcelona
Olympic Games, Seville the world exposition EXPO'92,
and Madrid was declared European Cultural Capital.
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